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# CANONICAL(5) CANONICAL(5) # # NAME # canonical - Postfix canonical table format # # SYNOPSIS # postmap /etc/postfix/canonical # # postmap -q "string" /etc/postfix/canonical # # postmap -q - /etc/postfix/canonical <inputfile # # DESCRIPTION # The optional canonical(5) table specifies an address map- # ping for local and non-local addresses. The mapping is # used by the cleanup(8) daemon, before mail is stored into # the queue. The address mapping is recursive. # # Normally, the canonical(5) table is specified as a text # file that serves as input to the postmap(1) command. The # result, an indexed file in dbm or db format, is used for # fast searching by the mail system. Execute the command # "postmap /etc/postfix/canonical" to rebuild an indexed # file after changing the corresponding text file. # # When the table is provided via other means such as NIS, # LDAP or SQL, the same lookups are done as for ordinary # indexed files. # # Alternatively, the table can be provided as a regu- # lar-expression map where patterns are given as regular # expressions, or lookups can be directed to TCP-based # server. In those cases, the lookups are done in a slightly # different way as described below under "REGULAR EXPRESSION # TABLES" or "TCP-BASED TABLES". # # By default the canonical(5) mapping affects both message # header addresses (i.e. addresses that appear inside mes- # sages) and message envelope addresses (for example, the # addresses that are used in SMTP protocol commands). This # is controlled with the canonical_classes parameter. # # NOTE: Postfix versions 2.2 and later rewrite message head- # ers from remote SMTP clients only if the client matches # the local_header_rewrite_clients parameter, or if the # remote_header_rewrite_domain configuration parameter spec- # ifies a non-empty value. To get the behavior before Post- # fix 2.2, specify "local_header_rewrite_clients = # static:all". # # Typically, one would use the canonical(5) table to replace # login names by Firstname.Lastname, or to clean up # addresses produced by legacy mail systems. # # The canonical(5) mapping is not to be confused with vir- # tual alias support or with local aliasing. To change the # destination but not the headers, use the virtual(5) or # aliases(5) map instead. # # CASE FOLDING # The search string is folded to lowercase before database # lookup. As of Postfix 2.3, the search string is not case # folded with database types such as regexp: or pcre: whose # lookup fields can match both upper and lower case. # # TABLE FORMAT # The input format for the postmap(1) command is as follows: # # pattern address # When pattern matches a mail address, replace it by # the corresponding address. # # blank lines and comments # Empty lines and whitespace-only lines are ignored, # as are lines whose first non-whitespace character # is a `#'. # # multi-line text # A logical line starts with non-whitespace text. A # line that starts with whitespace continues a logi- # cal line. # # TABLE SEARCH ORDER # With lookups from indexed files such as DB or DBM, or from # networked tables such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, each # user@domain query produces a sequence of query patterns as # described below. # # Each query pattern is sent to each specified lookup table # before trying the next query pattern, until a match is # found. # # user@domain address # Replace user@domain by address. This form has the # highest precedence. # # This is useful to clean up addresses produced by # legacy mail systems. It can also be used to pro- # duce Firstname.Lastname style addresses, but see # below for a simpler solution. # # user address # Replace user@site by address when site is equal to # $myorigin, when site is listed in $mydestination, # or when it is listed in $inet_interfaces or # $proxy_interfaces. # # This form is useful for replacing login names by # Firstname.Lastname. # # @domain address # Replace other addresses in domain by address. This # form has the lowest precedence. # # Note: @domain is a wild-card. When this form is # applied to recipient addresses, the Postfix SMTP # server accepts mail for any recipient in domain, # regardless of whether that recipient exists. This # may turn your mail system into a backscatter # source: Postfix first accepts mail for non-existent # recipients and then tries to return that mail as # "undeliverable" to the often forged sender address. # # RESULT ADDRESS REWRITING # The lookup result is subject to address rewriting: # # o When the result has the form @otherdomain, the # result becomes the same user in otherdomain. # # o When "append_at_myorigin=yes", append "@$myorigin" # to addresses without "@domain". # # o When "append_dot_mydomain=yes", append ".$mydomain" # to addresses without ".domain". # # ADDRESS EXTENSION # When a mail address localpart contains the optional recip- # ient delimiter (e.g., user+foo@domain), the lookup order # becomes: user+foo@domain, user@domain, user+foo, user, and # @domain. # # The propagate_unmatched_extensions parameter controls # whether an unmatched address extension (+foo) is propa- # gated to the result of table lookup. # # REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES # This section describes how the table lookups change when # the table is given in the form of regular expressions. For # a description of regular expression lookup table syntax, # see regexp_table(5) or pcre_table(5). # # Each pattern is a regular expression that is applied to # the entire address being looked up. Thus, user@domain mail # addresses are not broken up into their user and @domain # constituent parts, nor is user+foo broken up into user and # foo. # # Patterns are applied in the order as specified in the ta- # ble, until a pattern is found that matches the search # string. # # Results are the same as with indexed file lookups, with # the additional feature that parenthesized substrings from # the pattern can be interpolated as $1, $2 and so on. # # TCP-BASED TABLES # This section describes how the table lookups change when # lookups are directed to a TCP-based server. For a descrip- # tion of the TCP client/server lookup protocol, see tcp_ta- # ble(5). This feature is not available up to and including # Postfix version 2.4. # # Each lookup operation uses the entire address once. Thus, # user@domain mail addresses are not broken up into their # user and @domain constituent parts, nor is user+foo broken # up into user and foo. # # Results are the same as with indexed file lookups. # # BUGS # The table format does not understand quoting conventions. # # CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS # The following main.cf parameters are especially relevant. # The text below provides only a parameter summary. See # postconf(5) for more details including examples. # # canonical_classes # What addresses are subject to canonical address # mapping. # # canonical_maps # List of canonical mapping tables. # # recipient_canonical_maps # Address mapping lookup table for envelope and # header recipient addresses. # # sender_canonical_maps # Address mapping lookup table for envelope and # header sender addresses. # # propagate_unmatched_extensions # A list of address rewriting or forwarding mecha- # nisms that propagate an address extension from the # original address to the result. Specify zero or # more of canonical, virtual, alias, forward, # include, or generic. # # Other parameters of interest: # # inet_interfaces # The network interface addresses that this system # receives mail on. You need to stop and start Post- # fix when this parameter changes. # # local_header_rewrite_clients # Rewrite message header addresses in mail from these # clients and update incomplete addresses with the # domain name in $myorigin or $mydomain; either don't # rewrite message headers from other clients at all, # or rewrite message headers and update incomplete # addresses with the domain specified in the # remote_header_rewrite_domain parameter. # # proxy_interfaces # Other interfaces that this machine receives mail on # by way of a proxy agent or network address transla- # tor. # # masquerade_classes # List of address classes subject to masquerading: # zero or more of envelope_sender, envelope_recipi- # ent, header_sender, header_recipient. # # masquerade_domains # List of domains that hide their subdomain struc- # ture. # # masquerade_exceptions # List of user names that are not subject to address # masquerading. # # mydestination # List of domains that this mail system considers # local. # # myorigin # The domain that is appended to locally-posted mail. # # owner_request_special # Give special treatment to owner-xxx and xxx-request # addresses. # # remote_header_rewrite_domain # Don't rewrite message headers from remote clients # at all when this parameter is empty; otherwise, re- # write message headers and append the specified # domain name to incomplete addresses. # # SEE ALSO # cleanup(8), canonicalize and enqueue mail # postmap(1), Postfix lookup table manager # postconf(5), configuration parameters # virtual(5), virtual aliasing # # README FILES # Use "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_direc- # tory" to locate this information. # DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview # ADDRESS_REWRITING_README, address rewriting guide # # LICENSE # The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this # software. # # AUTHOR(S) # Wietse Venema # IBM T.J. Watson Research # P.O. Box 704 # Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA # # Wietse Venema # Google, Inc. # 111 8th Avenue # New York, NY 10011, USA # # CANONICAL(5)